For Lack of Evidence Allowable Business Investment Loss Denied

Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Case Citation

Stinson v. The Queen (2013 TCC 22) [TCC] [CanLII]

Summary

A taxpayer sought to deduct an allowable business investment loss (ABIL) and the deduction was disallowed. The case doesn’t revolve around the fine points of law concerning what is or isn’t an ABIL but the believability of the evidence (or lack of it) put forth by the plaintiff. While the judge did not use the word sham, he may have thought of it in dismissing the appeal.

I find it interesting to see how in one case a judge will discount a plaintiff’s testimony while accept others. The words of the decision can’t capture the court proceedings and the smell test one uses. Is this taxpayer earnest and forthright or cagy and deceitful? Many cases rest on this question.

If you are wondering what an ABIL is and why it matters, here goes.

For the most part, an investment in a corporation, through shares or debt, is usually considered capital property and any loss from its disposition results in a capital loss. Capital loss can only be applied against capital gains. Enter the ABIL—a special type of capital loss in that it can be used to reduce all sources of income not just capital gains.

What is an ABIL? It is one-half of one’s business investment loss (BIL). The one-half being the inclusion rate for capital gains or loss or a BIL.

So what is a BIL? Without getting bogged down in technical details, it’s a loss on shares or debt of a small business corporation (SBC). This leads into the definition of an SBC—a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC) carrying on an active business.

The progression continues onto what is a CCPC or active business etc.

The point to remember is an ABIL is more beneficial in reducing taxes than a regular capital loss provided that is what happens and you have evidence to support your claim.

Issue

[1] The appellant, Deane Stinson, appeals an assessment made under the Income Tax Act that disallowed a deduction for an allowable business investment loss (ABIL) claimed in the 2008 taxation year.

[8] The issue in this appeal is whether the appellant incurred an ABIL on December 31, 2008 on the basis that his loans to Tille were uncollectible at that time.

ITA / ETA

| 39(1)(c) “business investment loss” | | 50(1)—Debts established to be bad debts and shares of bankrupt corporation | | 248(1) “small business corporation” |

Cases Cited

None.

Analysis

[10] The respondent submits that claim of the ABIL was properly disallowed on the basis of any one of the following:

(a) Tille was not a small business corporation at any time in 2008,

(b) the appellant had not made any loans to Tille, and

(c) the appellant has not established that any loans became bad debts in 2008.

[11] I would first comment that the appellant’s case depends in large part on his own self-interested testimony and on a limited number of documents that were within the appellant’s control. I have found that there is insufficient documentation to establish the ABIL, and that and (sic) the appellant’s testimony and some of the documents entered into evidence are not reliable.

[13] As for the documents that were entered into evidence, I have concluded that some of the key documents are not reliable. For example,

(a) The appellant provided to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) promissory notes evidencing the debt that were purportedly signed by one of the new owners of Tille. The reliability of the notes is doubtful because there are different versions of the notes that have different wording and also different signatures.

(b) The purported demand for payment made by the appellant (Ex. A-11) states an amount owing that does not correspond with the other evidence.

(c) The purported change of ownership on December 12 and 20, 2008 whereby shares were transferred to unrelated persons (evidenced by a hand-written shareholders’ ledger) is inconsistent with a statement made by the appellant in Tille’s corporate tax return for the year ended April 30, 2009 that his sons were the only shareholders. The ownership by the sons is also reflected in an ABIL questionnaire that was provided to the CRA on January 31, 2011.

(d) The appellant submitted a list of employees to the CRA which attempts to establish that Tille had at least five full time employees. The evidence surrounding these employment relationships was implausible.

[15] The problems with the evidence were so profound that the relevant facts regarding the ABIL claim cannot be determined.

Decision

[16] I would conclude that the appeal should be dismissed on the ground that the appellant has failed to establish, even on a prima facie basis, that any debts became bad in 2008. In particular, I am not satisfied that any shares of Tille were acquired by unrelated persons in 2008, or that any debts owing to the appellant in 2008 became uncollectible in that year.

[17] The appeal will be dismissed.

Note

A paragraph beginning with a number in square brackets is a direct quote from the case.

Capital Losses & Old Age Security Clawback

Tuesday, September 20, 2011

Here is something to keep in mind when using capital losses for an individual receiving Old Age Security (OAS) benefits.

1. Allowable capital losses in the year reduce taxable capital gains from the same year. To the extent the gains are greater than the losses, the amount is reported on line 127 of the T1 and form part of the taxpayer’s net income (NI).

2. Where the losses exceed the gains in the year, the excess loss has no impact on NI since the losses can only reduce capital gains. (See year of death for exception). This difference (losses less gains) is referred to as net capital losses and can be carried back three years and forward indefinitely.

3. Net capital losses from other years form part of the calculation of taxable income. (See the bottom of page 3 of a T1). They reduce a taxpayer’s taxable income and hence taxes, but not his total income or net income.

4. The OAS clawback is based on a taxpayer’s net income. As you can see, capital losses used in the year they occur reduce NI and impact favourably on the OAS clawback calculation. Losses from other years do not impact NI and may result in a clawback.

5. Given that taxpayers can often control the triggering of capital gains and losses, this bit of knowledge is something to keep in mind when making those decisions. However, tax planning should be a secondary consideration not the prime factor.